SYNTAX

In linguistics, syntax  is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language, specifically word order.

PHRASE

A group of two or more grammatically linked words that do not have subject and predicate is a phrase

CLAUSE

A group of words that contains a subject and a predicate

1.1 types of clauses

Independent clause is a clause that can stand by itself

Dependent clause is clauase that can’t stand alone

SENTENCE

Is a grammatically complete series of words at least consist of a subject and predicate

There are 4 types of sentence:

1.   Simple ssentences, is a sentence structure that contains one independent clause and no dependent clauses.

Example:the baby cried

2.   Compound sentence, is composed of at least two independent clauses. The clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction.

Example: mom went to the store,and my sister went to the office

3.   Complex sentence, is a sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

Example: that’s the man who bought our house

4.   Complex-Coumpound sentence contains at least one dependent clause and more than one independent clause. The clauses are connected by both conjunction.

Example: the town where I grew up is in the United States

Sentence can be classified based on the categories of Pragmatic Aspect (realistic condition of the usage),sentence can be classified into:

1.   Declarative Sentence

·        A declarative sentence is a sentence in the form of a statement

·        Examples:

I have to go to work

He took my bicycle

I’ll never do that

2.   Imperative Sentence

·        An imperative sentence is a sentence that tells someone to do something,gives advice or instruction

·        Examples:

Go to work!

3.   Interrogative Sentence

·        An interrogative sentence is a sentence in the form of question ,which is used to request information.

·        Examples :

Do you have to go to work?

What are you doing?

4.   Exclamatory Sentence

·        An exclamatory sentence is a sentence that express strong feelings by making an exclamation.

·        Examples:

I did !

 

Based on the form (completeness of the structure),sentence can be classified into:

·        Major sentence

Is a regular sentence which contains a finite verb:it has subject a subject and a predicate

·        Minor sentence

Is an irregular type of sentence.it does not contain a finite verb,and frequently found in colloquial speech.

 

1.2 grammatical relations

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax

http://www.slideshare.net/ChildrenOfNight/phrase-clause-and-sentence-in-syntax