1. What is sociolinguistic?
Sociolinguistic is one of the branch of linguistic, sociolinguistic is the study of the relation language and society and study about all aspects of society including how the way language used in society, cultural norms, society effect on language. Language as a tools of communication, its important in society for communicate each others. We use language to send essential social messages about who we are and where we come from. It is often awful to realize how extensively we may judge a person's background, character, and dialect. Sociolinguistic as well as analyzes the actual language use by different speakers in order to explain language variation and language change. The study of language in social perspective tells us quite a bit about how we organize our social relationships within a particular community.
2. Why do we learn Sociolinguistic?
Learn sociolinguistic is important for us, because we can know about variation aspect of society in our country and in the world and can give us an opportunity to build awareness in such important issues as language variation, language policy, and language and education. It can be a powerful tool in solving social problems of our society. With the knowledge of sociolinguistics can be applied in a broad range of areas such as personal relationship and society.
3. What is the relation between language and society?
Language as a tools of communication. In society, people using language to communicate each other to express something they want to convey to the others. Moreover, language used to send essential social messages, language use symbolically represents fundamental dimensions of social behavior and human interaction. The relationship between language and society affects a wide range of run into from broadly based international relations to narrowly defined interpersonal relationships.
4. Please mention and explain the branches of linguistics!
· Phonetics a branch of linguistics that focuses on the production and classification of the world’s speech sounds.
· Phonology is the study of the patterns of sounds in a language and across languages. Put more formally, phonology is the study of the categorical organization of speech sounds in languages; how speech sounds are organized in the mind and used to convey meaning.
· Morphology is all about our mental dictionary and the words stored in our minds; the mental system of rules that helps us form and understand words. The capacity of your mental lexicon is immense and we benefit from this knowledge not only when we use existing words but also when we create or try to understand new words.
· Syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language, specifically word order.
· Lexicology is the part of linguistics dealing with the vocabulary of the language and the properties of words as the main units of language. The branch of linguistics that studies the stock of word (Lexicon) in a language.
· Semantics is the study of meaning in language. The term is taken from the Greek seme, meaning sign. The word meaning can be defined in many ways, but the definition most pertinent to linguistics and the one we will use is that meaning is "the function of signs in language."
5. What is the standard language? Giving an example!
A standard language may be defined either as a language variety used by a population for public purposes or as a variety that has undergone standardization. If you travel by train from Jakarta to Yogyakarta, one of the things you will notice is that the language in the two cities sounds different. The same will be true if you take the train between London and Birmingham, or between Paris and Lyon. People from different places within the same language area use different pronunciations. Often they also use different words and sometimes even different grammatical structures. In many countries difficulties arising from such differences in dialect are overcome by the existence of a standard language.
6. Elaborating the language ,dialect and accent, please!
Language is the method of human communication either spoken or written or the tools of communication. Language has a varieties, language variety refers to the various forms of language triggered by social factors. Language may changes from region to region.
Dialect is a language variety,that is characterized by systematic feautures (e.g, grammatical,pronunciation,vocabulary). And there is Idiolect,the speech variety of an individual speaker.
According to Wardaugh (1988: 20),Varieties is a specific set of linguistic or language items of human speech patterns.(e.g , pronunciation).
7. Giving an example of formal language and informal language!
Can I suggest you try this new model? (neutral)
May I suggest you try this new model? (more formal)
Informal: I donʼt believe that the results are accurate.
Formal: The results are not believed to be accurate.
Informal: Lecturers still count on students to use correct grammar and punctuation in essays.
Formal: Lecturers expect students to use correct grammar and punctuation in essays.
Informal: The patient got over his illness.
Formal: The patient recovered from his illness.
8. What aspects of language are sociolinguistics interested in?
Sociolinguistics are interested in explaining why people speak differently in different social contexts. And the effect of social factors such as (social distance, social status, age, gender, class,) on language varieties (dialects,registers,genders,etc) and they are concerned with identifying the social functions of language and the way they are used to convey social meanings.
9. When two or more people from different language met and tried to communicate, what should they do?
Lingua franca = a language used for communication between different language users, for people whose first languages differ, such as pidgin between European colonizers and Afrizan slaves (Swahili).
10. why do people switch and mix a language?
People want to fit in, very often, people code-switch, both consciously and unconsciously to act or talk more like those around them. It helps us convey a thought, Many people switch languages to express particular ideas. Furthermore, we want to say something secret in our friends, we can using code switching to hide from the others. when we cannot find proper words or expressions or when there is no appropriate translation for the language being used we can using code mixing. Situational factors can be one of why people using code mixing, when they want to talk something in social groups the can using code mixing.
11. Giving an example of code switching and code mixing!
Code switching :
P: oke what is your name?
L: nama saya detri
P: how old are you?
L: saya 20 tahun
Code mixing :
P : siapa idol favorite you?
L : BTS, dari korea
P : from korea? Itu boyband?
L : yes. Mereka semua cute dan handsome
P : can I get lagunya ? send ke aku, I want to dengar laguny
L : oke
