VIEDOS INTERPRETATION

These are the videos with subtitle that i made to fulfill Interpretation Lesson Taught by Mr. Budianto Hamuddin...

Enjoy!

THE FRUIT LANGUAGE IN PERU [Indo Subt]

THE INCOMPARABLEMALALA YOUSAFZAI [Indo Subt]

MAK BETI'S VIDEO [Eng Subt]

dia-hadir-pergi

pernahkah kau menyadari?

dia-

hadir-

pergi.

dengan sendirinya, hanya singgah.

sementara

tapi...

membekas.

tawa

air mata

dan harapan.

dia

hadir

pergi

terimakasih,
memory lama
yang masih terputar.
-d

LANGUAGE VARIATION || SOCIOLINGUISTICS

 In this model  of language change and dialect differention, it should always be possible to relate any variation found within a language to the factors of time and distance alone. E.g. the  British and American varities, or English are separated by over two centuries of political independence and by the Atlantic ocean, Northumbrian and Cockney English are nearly 300 miles and any centuries apart.

Dialect  geographies have traditionaly attempted to produce their findings onmaps in what they call dialects atlases. They try to show the geographical boundaries of the distribution of a particular linguistics feature by drawing a line on a map. Such line is called an isoglosses. Alternatively, a particular area, a relic area, may show characteristic of being unaffected by changes spreading out from one or more neighboring areas. Very oftn the isoglosses for individual phonological features do not coincide with the one another to give us clearly demarcated dialects areas. Because dialects studies grew out of historical studies of language, it should also come as no surprise that they have focused almost exclusively on rural areas.

     Variation is an inharent characteristic of all language at all times and the pattern exhibited in this variation carry social meanings. The term linguistic variation( or simply variation ) refers to regional, social or contextual differences in the ways that a particular language is used. Variation between language, dialects, and speaker is known as intraspeaker variation. Variation within the language of a single speaker called intraspeaker variation. Since the rise of sociolinguistics in the 1960s. Interest in linguistics variation ( also called linguistics variability) has develop rapidly. All aspect of language. Including phonemes, morphemes, syntactic structure, and meanings are subject to variation.

SPEECH COMMUNITIES || SOCIOLINGUISTICS

Speech community is a term in sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology for a group of people who use the same variety of a language and who share specific rules for speaking and for interpreting speech.
"In many ways," says George Yule, "speech is a form of social identity and is used, consciously or unconsciously, to indicate membership of different social groups or different speech communities" (The Study of Language, 2014).

People who speak the same language are not always members of the same speech community. On the one hand, speakers of South Asian English in India and Pakistan share a language with citizens of the U.S., but the respective varieties of English and the rules for speaking them are sufficiently distinct to assign the two populations to different speech communities. 
Most members of a society, even if they happen to live in the same town, belong to several speech communities. For example, an elderly person may have considerable difficulty following the monotonous chant of an auctioneer or comprehending what students talk about among themselves. But both the auctioneer and a college student can easily make the adjustment necessary to engage in a conversation with the elderly person and be fully understood; all they have to do is share enough characteristics of pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, and manner of speaking to belong to the same speech community (Zdenek Salzmann, Language, Culture, and Society: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology. Westview, 2004) .

Conclusion

Language is a system, it means that languages is formed by patterned component permanently and can be verified. Language is also a tool that can be used to interact used by certain community each other. Speech communities can be happened between a group using same language and different language, with provision among them that is understanding each other.

ALL ABOUT SOCIOLINGUSICTICS || THE ANSWER

1.      What is sociolinguistic?

Sociolinguistic is one of the branch of linguistic, sociolinguistic is the study of the relation language and society and study about all aspects of society including how the way language used in society, cultural norms, society effect on language. Language as a tools of communication, its important in society for communicate each others. We use language to send essential social messages about who we are and where we come from. It is often awful to realize how extensively we may judge a person's background, character, and dialect. Sociolinguistic as well as analyzes the actual language use by different speakers in order to explain language variation and language change. The study of language in social perspective tells us quite a bit about how we organize our social relationships within a particular community.

2.      Why do we learn Sociolinguistic?

Learn sociolinguistic is important for us, because we can know about variation aspect of society in our country and in the world and can give us an opportunity to build awareness in such important issues as language variation, language policy, and language and education. It can be a powerful tool in solving social problems of our society. With  the knowledge of sociolinguistics can be applied in a broad range of areas such as personal relationship and society.

3.      What is the relation between language and society?

Language as a tools of communication. In society, people using language to communicate each other to express something they want to convey to the others. Moreover, language used to send essential social messages, language use symbolically represents fundamental dimensions of social behavior and human interaction. The relationship between language and society affects a wide range of run into from broadly based international relations to narrowly defined interpersonal relationships.

  

4.      Please mention and explain the branches of linguistics!

·         Phonetics a branch of linguistics that focuses on the production and classification of the world’s speech sounds.

·         Phonology is the study of the patterns of sounds in a language and across languages. Put more formally, phonology is the study of the categorical organization of speech sounds in languages; how speech sounds are organized in the mind and used to convey meaning.

·         Morphology is all about our mental dictionary and the words stored in our minds; the mental system of rules that helps us form and understand words. The capacity of your mental lexicon is immense and we benefit from this knowledge not only when we use existing words but also when we create or try to understand new words.

·         Syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language, specifically word order.

·         Lexicology is the part of linguistics dealing with the vocabulary of the language and the properties of words as the main units of language. The branch of linguistics that studies the stock of word (Lexicon) in a language.

·         Semantics is the study of meaning in language.  The term is taken from the Greek seme, meaning sign.   The word meaning can be defined in many ways, but the definition most pertinent to linguistics and the one we will use is that meaning is "the function of signs in language."

5.      What is the standard language? Giving an example!

A standard language may be defined either as a language variety used by a population for public purposes or as a variety that has undergone standardization. If you travel by train from Jakarta to Yogyakarta, one of the things you will notice is that the language in the two cities sounds different. The same will be true if you take the train between London and Birmingham, or between Paris and Lyon. People from different places within the same language area use different pronunciations. Often they also use different words and sometimes even different grammatical structures. In many countries difficulties arising from such differences in dialect are overcome by the existence of a standard language.

6.      Elaborating the language ,dialect and accent, please!

Language is the method of human communication either spoken or written or the tools of communication. Language has a varieties, language variety refers to the various forms of language triggered by social factors. Language may changes from region to region.

Dialect is a language variety,that is characterized by systematic feautures (e.g, grammatical,pronunciation,vocabulary). And there is Idiolect,the speech variety of an individual speaker.

According to Wardaugh (1988: 20),Varieties is a specific set of linguistic or language items of human speech patterns.(e.g , pronunciation).

7.      Giving an example of formal language and informal language!

Can I suggest you try this new model? (neutral)

May I suggest you try this new model? (more formal)

Informal:    I donʼt believe that the results are accurate.

Formal:      The results are not believed to be accurate.

Informal:    Lecturers still count on students to use correct grammar and punctuation in                             essays.

Formal:      Lecturers expect students to use correct grammar and punctuation in essays.

Informal:    The patient got over his illness.

Formal:      The patient recovered from his illness.

8.      What aspects of language are sociolinguistics interested in?

Sociolinguistics are interested in explaining why people speak differently in different social contexts. And the effect of social factors such as (social distance, social status, age, gender, class,) on language varieties (dialects,registers,genders,etc) and they are concerned with identifying the social functions of language and the way they are used to convey social meanings.

9.   When two or more people from different language met and tried to communicate, what should they do?

Lingua franca = a language used for communication between different language users, for people whose first languages differ, such as pidgin between European colonizers and Afrizan slaves (Swahili).

10.  why do people switch and mix a language?

People want to fit in, very often, people code-switch, both consciously and unconsciously to act or talk more like those around them. It helps us convey a thought, Many people switch languages to express particular ideas. Furthermore, we want to say something secret in our friends, we can using code switching to hide from the others. when we cannot find proper words or expressions or when there is no appropriate translation for the language being used we can using code mixing. Situational factors can be one of why people using code mixing, when they want to talk something in social groups the can using code mixing.

11.  Giving an example of code switching and code mixing!

Code switching :

P: oke what is your name?           

L:  nama saya detri

P: how old are you?

L: saya 20  tahun

          

Code mixing :

P : siapa idol favorite you?

L : BTS, dari korea

P : from korea? Itu boyband?

L : yes. Mereka semua cute dan handsome

P : can I get lagunya ? send ke aku, I want to dengar laguny

L : oke

PROFILE COMPANY

           Profile Company of BeautyCare

Name of Company : BeautyCare
Owner : Deti Anitasari, M.AB
Product : Cosmetic
Head Office : Rajawali street 2,Pekanbaru,Riau, Indonesia, 28292
Employees : 100 in head office and 150 in branch offices
Branch Office : 15 offices around Indonesia
Phone Number : +62853 6380 3706
Email : Beuatycarecorporation@gmail.com

   About Us
Beautycare is a company specialized of cosmetics since 2010 in Pekanbaru,Riau,Indonesia and mow we have 20 outlests in Indonesia . From the day of our founding, we have existed to inspire women’s beauty through our unparalleled blend of traditional Asian wisdom, pristine ingredients, and technological innovation to a customer base that spans the globe. Our products are formulated from the highest quality ingredients, carefully crafted to optimize their beauty and health benefits.  Through heritage ingredients and technologies, we are devoted to helping our customers discover their unique beauty.Our company had been accredited especially for Indonesia our product is halal 100%.

Vision and Missions
 
   Vision :
Make every women’s skin in Indonesia healthy,beauty inside and outside
 
   Missions :
We aspire to communicate our unique beauty around Indonesia
Have a worldwide network collaborating closely to one another to reach every customer around the world.

CODE MIXING AND CODE SWITCHING

               A code is a system that is used by people to communication with each other .when people want to talk each other ,they have to choose a particular code to express their feeling.

                  Code Mixing is the change of one language to another within the same utterance or in the same written text. It’s a common phenomenon in societies in which two or more language are used,usually without change oftopic.

                  Code Switching is switching situation from one code to another (Suwito,1985:68). Code switching not onlu occurs in the form of language change but also may happen in the change of the variant of language.

Kinds of Code Mixing and Code Switching

1.Code Mixing

Based on the language or variant elements inserted in other language ,code mixing be classified into two kinds

a.inner code : from our own language with every variation

b.outer code mixing : from foreign language

2.Code Switching

Based on the scope of switching where language take place,Soewito (2004:114) divides code switching into two kinds

a.internal code switching : using our own language,such as Indonesia language to java language

b.external code switching : using our own language to foreign language

Causes of Code Mixing and Code Switching ;

1.talking about a particular topic

2.expressing group identity

3.time and place in speaking

EXAMPLES OF CODE MIXING

Ø  Kids jaman Now

Ø  Mari kita lihat your letter

EXAMPLES OF CODE SWITCHING

Ø  P: oke what is your name?     

L:  nama saya detri

P: how old are you?

L: saya 20  tahun